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	<title>
	Comments on: Scientist Warns About Waste Water In Canal	</title>
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	<description>A different slant on the news.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 18:40:52 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>
		By: Richard Llewellyn		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108433</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Richard Llewellyn]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 18:40:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108433</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Thanks Jo Jo.  Yes -- I do hope we can get out in front of the issue -- we agree there.  I look at Idaho&#039;s elevations and snowpack and think we are living on borrowed time.
Ideally that is what Boise&#039;s new Water Renewal Plan should do -- really emphasize the value in clean water -- but I&#039;m not sure, with its emphasis on industrial economic stimulus, that it will have that effect (though keeping industrial discharge out of the municipal system would be excellent).
It would be a difficult political sell now, but it really isn&#039;t a good idea to keep pooping in the river, which really is what municipal indoor plumbing facilitates.  Composting toilets are entirely workable, and avoid the problems of mixing industrial/medical/landfill contaminants with human waste and making hazardous biosolids and a huge infrastructure requirement.  But ... that won&#039;t happen until/unless the real costs are no longer externalized.  I may be fighting for the property rights / values / long term health of my property (and many of my neighbors), but by doing so, may also make apparent these externalized costs, and hopefully force us to deal with the problem sooner rather than later.  Best -- Richard]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks Jo Jo.  Yes &#8212; I do hope we can get out in front of the issue &#8212; we agree there.  I look at Idaho&#8217;s elevations and snowpack and think we are living on borrowed time.<br />
Ideally that is what Boise&#8217;s new Water Renewal Plan should do &#8212; really emphasize the value in clean water &#8212; but I&#8217;m not sure, with its emphasis on industrial economic stimulus, that it will have that effect (though keeping industrial discharge out of the municipal system would be excellent).<br />
It would be a difficult political sell now, but it really isn&#8217;t a good idea to keep pooping in the river, which really is what municipal indoor plumbing facilitates.  Composting toilets are entirely workable, and avoid the problems of mixing industrial/medical/landfill contaminants with human waste and making hazardous biosolids and a huge infrastructure requirement.  But &#8230; that won&#8217;t happen until/unless the real costs are no longer externalized.  I may be fighting for the property rights / values / long term health of my property (and many of my neighbors), but by doing so, may also make apparent these externalized costs, and hopefully force us to deal with the problem sooner rather than later.  Best &#8212; Richard</p>
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		<title>
		By: chicago sam		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108432</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[chicago sam]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 18:02:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108432</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[As a method to reduce input into the sewer plant and taking care of your own why isn&#039;t grey water considered. Retrofitting housing already built would be fairly costly but adding it to new construction would be a minimal cost.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a method to reduce input into the sewer plant and taking care of your own why isn&#8217;t grey water considered. Retrofitting housing already built would be fairly costly but adding it to new construction would be a minimal cost.</p>
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		<title>
		By: It Depends		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108431</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[It Depends]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2020 04:52:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108431</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[The concept that urbanizing land can lower the water demand compared to agriculture can be true in many cases, but I see this reasoning being applied to land areas in Boise&#039;s southwest and southeast Area of Impact which tends to show &quot;Dry Grazing&quot; as the use when looking at the Ada County Assessor website - therefore water has not been used on some of these land parcels, so urbanizing would be increasing the water demand by adding more water users.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The concept that urbanizing land can lower the water demand compared to agriculture can be true in many cases, but I see this reasoning being applied to land areas in Boise&#8217;s southwest and southeast Area of Impact which tends to show &#8220;Dry Grazing&#8221; as the use when looking at the Ada County Assessor website &#8211; therefore water has not been used on some of these land parcels, so urbanizing would be increasing the water demand by adding more water users.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Jo Jo		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108430</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jo Jo]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2020 16:02:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108430</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Oh, I know lining the canal doesn&#039;t make sense, unless the irrigation deliveries dependent on the canal were not being met (remembering that Arrowrock and Anderson Ranch were built by the Bureau of Reclamation, and there are signed government contracts for delivery of water.  Lucky Peak is Army Corps of Engineers, for flood control--any storage is incidental).  And, in theory, I don&#039;t have a problem with the groundwater recharage--I really don&#039;t want to pollute even more places.  I just want to point out that the recharge is happening as a second-order effect, and as such, shouldn&#039;t be relied upon.  I don&#039;t begrudge anyone the recharge; I just don&#039;t think it should be treated as a property right.

Water, both supply and treatment, is going to be *the* issue before too long.  Urbanization lowers the water demand as opposed to agriculture, but also pollutes in a different way.  Lots of things are going to need to change going forward, whether it is landscaping choices, low-flush toilets, lining of canals, improved wastewater treatment/reuse, the list is huge!  Hopefully, just once, we can actually get in front of a problem we see coming, instead of just kicking the can down the road--after all, if you don&#039;t have time and money to do it right the first time, when will you have time and money to fix it?

Very much appreciate the dialog!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Oh, I know lining the canal doesn&#8217;t make sense, unless the irrigation deliveries dependent on the canal were not being met (remembering that Arrowrock and Anderson Ranch were built by the Bureau of Reclamation, and there are signed government contracts for delivery of water.  Lucky Peak is Army Corps of Engineers, for flood control&#8211;any storage is incidental).  And, in theory, I don&#8217;t have a problem with the groundwater recharage&#8211;I really don&#8217;t want to pollute even more places.  I just want to point out that the recharge is happening as a second-order effect, and as such, shouldn&#8217;t be relied upon.  I don&#8217;t begrudge anyone the recharge; I just don&#8217;t think it should be treated as a property right.</p>
<p>Water, both supply and treatment, is going to be *the* issue before too long.  Urbanization lowers the water demand as opposed to agriculture, but also pollutes in a different way.  Lots of things are going to need to change going forward, whether it is landscaping choices, low-flush toilets, lining of canals, improved wastewater treatment/reuse, the list is huge!  Hopefully, just once, we can actually get in front of a problem we see coming, instead of just kicking the can down the road&#8211;after all, if you don&#8217;t have time and money to do it right the first time, when will you have time and money to fix it?</p>
<p>Very much appreciate the dialog!</p>
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		<title>
		By: Richard Llewellyn		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108429</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Richard Llewellyn]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2020 15:11:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108429</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Hi JoJo,
Lining the canal with concrete would be extraordinarily expensive, and also dramatically reduce groundwater recharge for NW Boise, Eagle, and Star.  For Boise, at least, that would contradict policy in their Comp Plan which aims to protect groundwater recharge.
It is a substantial amount of water -- Farmers Union Ditch Co. charges between 30% and 50% for loss -- primarily to groundwater -- which is not loss to the larger community but recharge.
Yes, we can thank the engineers and massive labor, much from immigrants, for routing the Farmers Union Canal along the base of the foothills and above almost all agricultural runoff and most urban -- and so yes, we have an excellent source of clean water and plan on keeping it that way.  I&#039;m sure we can do better in enforcing the no runoff rule.  The New York canal also starts clean and in its upper stretches is a good source of groundwater recharge as well.  Other canals (many people confuse the Farmers Union Canal in NW Boise/Eagle/Star with the Farmers Coop Canal near Parma) are so contaminated by runoff that mitigation is required even for industrial level agriculture.
No, not great for the river, where is now.  If it comes into our canal, however, it is 10x more concentrated, and has the potential to contaminate most of Eagle&#039;s aquifer.  Really the water renewal plan should be about cleaning up the water regardless of where it goes -- but that&#039;s not the focus.
I think most people on wells are also on septic, which always seemed the appropriate situation to me as ones actions impact themselves.  People who are in this situation tend to be much more thoughtful about what they flush or shower with.
Currently, unlined landfills and municipal wastewater treatment plants are the point of discharge into the environment, and as such, they should be the immediate target for advanced cleanup.  Unfortunately, however, these industries and their associations (associations largely relied on by Boise for its water renewal policy) are aggressively lobbying to prevent better cleanup mandates (https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/pfas-cleanup-backers-face-unexpected-foe-water-utilities).
Yes, PFAS should also no longer be manufactured, but the legacy will continue.  Check out the amount of PFOS in groundwater around Gowen Field -- and this just one of thousands of types of PFAS, and has been phased out for years:  https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map/]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi JoJo,<br />
Lining the canal with concrete would be extraordinarily expensive, and also dramatically reduce groundwater recharge for NW Boise, Eagle, and Star.  For Boise, at least, that would contradict policy in their Comp Plan which aims to protect groundwater recharge.<br />
It is a substantial amount of water &#8212; Farmers Union Ditch Co. charges between 30% and 50% for loss &#8212; primarily to groundwater &#8212; which is not loss to the larger community but recharge.<br />
Yes, we can thank the engineers and massive labor, much from immigrants, for routing the Farmers Union Canal along the base of the foothills and above almost all agricultural runoff and most urban &#8212; and so yes, we have an excellent source of clean water and plan on keeping it that way.  I&#8217;m sure we can do better in enforcing the no runoff rule.  The New York canal also starts clean and in its upper stretches is a good source of groundwater recharge as well.  Other canals (many people confuse the Farmers Union Canal in NW Boise/Eagle/Star with the Farmers Coop Canal near Parma) are so contaminated by runoff that mitigation is required even for industrial level agriculture.<br />
No, not great for the river, where is now.  If it comes into our canal, however, it is 10x more concentrated, and has the potential to contaminate most of Eagle&#8217;s aquifer.  Really the water renewal plan should be about cleaning up the water regardless of where it goes &#8212; but that&#8217;s not the focus.<br />
I think most people on wells are also on septic, which always seemed the appropriate situation to me as ones actions impact themselves.  People who are in this situation tend to be much more thoughtful about what they flush or shower with.<br />
Currently, unlined landfills and municipal wastewater treatment plants are the point of discharge into the environment, and as such, they should be the immediate target for advanced cleanup.  Unfortunately, however, these industries and their associations (associations largely relied on by Boise for its water renewal policy) are aggressively lobbying to prevent better cleanup mandates (<a href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/pfas-cleanup-backers-face-unexpected-foe-water-utilities" rel="nofollow ugc">https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/pfas-cleanup-backers-face-unexpected-foe-water-utilities</a>).<br />
Yes, PFAS should also no longer be manufactured, but the legacy will continue.  Check out the amount of PFOS in groundwater around Gowen Field &#8212; and this just one of thousands of types of PFAS, and has been phased out for years:  <a href="https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map/" rel="nofollow ugc">https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/pfas_contamination/map/</a></p>
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		<title>
		By: Jo Jo		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108428</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jo Jo]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2020 16:40:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108428</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Well, there&#039;s an easy way to solve the recharge problem.  Just line the canal with concrete in the name of &quot;water conservation&quot;, and then there isn&#039;t any worry about what seeps into the shallow wells, because nothing will seep.

Richard, what return flows come back to the canal as part of drainage?  Any?  If not, you all have a pretty sweet deal.  Additionally, are you guys on the sewer out there, or septic tanks?

To be clear, I&#039;m not excited about the idea of the wastewater being routed into the canal, but I&#039;m also not particularly excited about it being routed into the river, either.  These are the problems that come with services.  Since everyone wants to flush their toilet, we need to deal.  About the PFAS example (and pollution in general), control at the source is the solution.  Who is discharging all these chemicals, and why aren&#039;t we keeping them from polluting the commons?]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, there&#8217;s an easy way to solve the recharge problem.  Just line the canal with concrete in the name of &#8220;water conservation&#8221;, and then there isn&#8217;t any worry about what seeps into the shallow wells, because nothing will seep.</p>
<p>Richard, what return flows come back to the canal as part of drainage?  Any?  If not, you all have a pretty sweet deal.  Additionally, are you guys on the sewer out there, or septic tanks?</p>
<p>To be clear, I&#8217;m not excited about the idea of the wastewater being routed into the canal, but I&#8217;m also not particularly excited about it being routed into the river, either.  These are the problems that come with services.  Since everyone wants to flush their toilet, we need to deal.  About the PFAS example (and pollution in general), control at the source is the solution.  Who is discharging all these chemicals, and why aren&#8217;t we keeping them from polluting the commons?</p>
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		<title>
		By: Disruptor		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108426</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Disruptor]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2020 17:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108426</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[If anyone doubts the level of deceit Boise City is willing to stoop to in order to get what it wants in this case, please consider the disconnect between a recent statement from Steve Burgos, Boise Public Works Director, and language from the actual contract secretly negotiated between Boise and Farmers Union Ditch Co. in 2014.

In an effort to placate the mayors of Eagle and Star, Mr. Burgos said, “Any recycled water project pursued by the city would include treating the water to the highest non-potable quality (Class A)”.  Never mind for the moment that even Class A effluent is mandated to be accompanied by signage saying “Not For Human Contact.”

Now contrast that calculated reassurance with the following provision from the contract:  “City shall attempt to obtain a waiver of permit requirements or obtain approval of State and Federal agencies to allow discharges to the canal of water less than Class A quality pending approval of discharges of Class A water.”

Simply put, if/when the City gains regulatory approval to dump Class A effluent into this 26-mile long canal serving hundreds if not thousands in three cities and two counties, it has every intention to violate the public trust even further by seeking approval to dump even dirtier and more dangerous effluent than Class A.  A classic, behind-the-scenes bait &#038; switch scheme that virtually no one who hasn’t read the contract knows about, but now you do!

Here’s another tidbit from the contract that illuminates the duration of contractual obligation for both Farmers Union (and thus its shareholders) and Boise City: “After twenty-five (25) years, Farmers may terminate this Agreement by providing at least five (5) years written notice to the City of intent to terminate.  The City may terminate this agreement if Farmers is determined to be in material breach of this Agreement; or without cause by providing at least one year written notice to Farmers of its intent to terminate.”  Apparently, the lack of concern for its shareholders demonstrated by Farmers Union was exceeded only by its ineptness at negotiating.

One more very-much-overlooked consideration is that the contract calls for effluent discharging of up to 16 million gallons a day of who-knows-what class of effluent into the Farmers Union Canal between April 1 and November 30 each year.  The irrigation season for this canal typically runs from April 15 through October 15.  That leaves two months where straight, undiluted effluent would be dumped into an otherwise dry canal for pets and wildlife to drink as it contaminated the soil and groundwater to an even greater degree than when it was mixed with canal water during the irrigation season.

Folks, when you know the facts and the actual language of the secretly-negotiated contract that Boise is now seeking to implement, you should find it apparent that this is even more outrageous and just plain wrong than most people ever suspected.  Whether you are a direct or indirect user of this canal or not, please join with those of us opposing the implementation of this scheme by voicing your concern to the mayor and council of Boise, as well as attending virtually or in person the public hearing currently scheduled for 6PM on Tuesday, Sept. 15 at Boise City Hall.  

The $50,000 per year “blood money” that Farmers Union Ditch Co. negotiated to receive from the City of Boise in exchange for allowing the City to contaminate the canal that Farmers manages is not remotely worth the risk it poses to the health and safety of a huge number of homeowners, farmers, organic gardeners, livestock-raisers, golf courses, schools, and others who indirectly consume agricultural products irrigated with this water.  THIS MUST BE STOPPED!]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If anyone doubts the level of deceit Boise City is willing to stoop to in order to get what it wants in this case, please consider the disconnect between a recent statement from Steve Burgos, Boise Public Works Director, and language from the actual contract secretly negotiated between Boise and Farmers Union Ditch Co. in 2014.</p>
<p>In an effort to placate the mayors of Eagle and Star, Mr. Burgos said, “Any recycled water project pursued by the city would include treating the water to the highest non-potable quality (Class A)”.  Never mind for the moment that even Class A effluent is mandated to be accompanied by signage saying “Not For Human Contact.”</p>
<p>Now contrast that calculated reassurance with the following provision from the contract:  “City shall attempt to obtain a waiver of permit requirements or obtain approval of State and Federal agencies to allow discharges to the canal of water less than Class A quality pending approval of discharges of Class A water.”</p>
<p>Simply put, if/when the City gains regulatory approval to dump Class A effluent into this 26-mile long canal serving hundreds if not thousands in three cities and two counties, it has every intention to violate the public trust even further by seeking approval to dump even dirtier and more dangerous effluent than Class A.  A classic, behind-the-scenes bait &amp; switch scheme that virtually no one who hasn’t read the contract knows about, but now you do!</p>
<p>Here’s another tidbit from the contract that illuminates the duration of contractual obligation for both Farmers Union (and thus its shareholders) and Boise City: “After twenty-five (25) years, Farmers may terminate this Agreement by providing at least five (5) years written notice to the City of intent to terminate.  The City may terminate this agreement if Farmers is determined to be in material breach of this Agreement; or without cause by providing at least one year written notice to Farmers of its intent to terminate.”  Apparently, the lack of concern for its shareholders demonstrated by Farmers Union was exceeded only by its ineptness at negotiating.</p>
<p>One more very-much-overlooked consideration is that the contract calls for effluent discharging of up to 16 million gallons a day of who-knows-what class of effluent into the Farmers Union Canal between April 1 and November 30 each year.  The irrigation season for this canal typically runs from April 15 through October 15.  That leaves two months where straight, undiluted effluent would be dumped into an otherwise dry canal for pets and wildlife to drink as it contaminated the soil and groundwater to an even greater degree than when it was mixed with canal water during the irrigation season.</p>
<p>Folks, when you know the facts and the actual language of the secretly-negotiated contract that Boise is now seeking to implement, you should find it apparent that this is even more outrageous and just plain wrong than most people ever suspected.  Whether you are a direct or indirect user of this canal or not, please join with those of us opposing the implementation of this scheme by voicing your concern to the mayor and council of Boise, as well as attending virtually or in person the public hearing currently scheduled for 6PM on Tuesday, Sept. 15 at Boise City Hall.  </p>
<p>The $50,000 per year “blood money” that Farmers Union Ditch Co. negotiated to receive from the City of Boise in exchange for allowing the City to contaminate the canal that Farmers manages is not remotely worth the risk it poses to the health and safety of a huge number of homeowners, farmers, organic gardeners, livestock-raisers, golf courses, schools, and others who indirectly consume agricultural products irrigated with this water.  THIS MUST BE STOPPED!</p>
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		<title>
		By: a decade ago		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108416</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[a decade ago]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2020 14:02:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108416</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Treasure Valley, as well as the state of Idaho, had the amazing opportunity of being able to embrace and grow along the concept of environmental carrying capacity. Even more necessary locally due to our high desert climate.
But rapid growth approval was chosen, strongly impacting existing infrastructure. Now it appears the choice fall out is at hand, same as was resorted to in other high growth areas. High demand for limited water. Influx of fluent to water treatment facilities stretching the capabilities, capacities and costs resulting in non or minimally treated fluent, with ever increasing contaminants added to the mix.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Treasure Valley, as well as the state of Idaho, had the amazing opportunity of being able to embrace and grow along the concept of environmental carrying capacity. Even more necessary locally due to our high desert climate.<br />
But rapid growth approval was chosen, strongly impacting existing infrastructure. Now it appears the choice fall out is at hand, same as was resorted to in other high growth areas. High demand for limited water. Influx of fluent to water treatment facilities stretching the capabilities, capacities and costs resulting in non or minimally treated fluent, with ever increasing contaminants added to the mix.</p>
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		<title>
		By: dennis Dunn		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108415</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[dennis Dunn]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2020 20:16:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108415</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Thank you Boise Guardian for posting and enlightening your readers with the comments and insights of Dr. Llewellyn.  Many of us living in Boise are confused as to why our City Leadership continues to turn a blind eye to the cost of allowing development without the appropriate infrastructure.  The current proposal of dumping partially treated water into the Farmers Union canal is more of the same.  Poor processes result in poor outcomes.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you Boise Guardian for posting and enlightening your readers with the comments and insights of Dr. Llewellyn.  Many of us living in Boise are confused as to why our City Leadership continues to turn a blind eye to the cost of allowing development without the appropriate infrastructure.  The current proposal of dumping partially treated water into the Farmers Union canal is more of the same.  Poor processes result in poor outcomes.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Richard Llewellyn		</title>
		<link>https://boiseguardian.com/2020/08/27/16519/#comment-108413</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Richard Llewellyn]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2020 01:58:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://boiseguardian.com/?p=16519#comment-108413</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Hi Davis,
Yes -- the families I knew who lived along the river in Eagle Island in the 1970s and 80s had deep wells, as the &#039;shallow&#039; aquifer had long since been contaminated by all the crap we&#039;d been putting in the Boise River.  Now, how quickly an aquifer is influenced by surface water, and what surface water, of course depends on the specific geology, but it has been common to have &#039;shallow wells&#039; along the Farmers Union Canal ever since it was dug. 

I&#039;m not sure what you mean by questioning whether Farmers Union Canal &#039;is there to provide&#039; a significant source of municipal water to Eagle.  The canal predated almost all of Eagle&#039;s current population, and the City of Eagle, and Eagle Water, have multiple wells that are down- gradient of the canal.  How quickly that influences the aquifer these wells tap into is an appropriate question -- but in general, because the canal is on the high ground and above the wells, it is an issue of when and not if, depending on the permeability of various clay layers etc.  I only took one hydrology class in grad school so I won&#039;t pretend to know more than that.
Of course, one could similarly ask -- is the Santa Ana River there to provide a source of drinking water for Orange County?  The answer is perhaps a matter of philosophy.  However, PFAS contamination from municipal wastewater discharge upstream has made its way from that river into the aquifer Orange County taps for its municipal water.  The same principle may well apply to Eagle municipal water.
Activated carbon does a decent job removing many chemical contaminants -- pharmaceuticals as well as PFAS, though how efficiently depends on the length of the carbon chain and head group for PFAS.  I&#039;m not expert on this, but activated carbon is used to remove PFAS from groundwater.  However, it isn&#039;t cheap -- and it would be appropriate for the chemical manufacturers to pay for any needed removal, as is happening elsewhere via lawsuits.
By the way, I&#039;ve been told by an employee that some Suez water does come directly from the river, though upstream of the sewage treatment plants.  I would think even the deeper wells are Boise River water -- just older water that predates our contamination.
I am not thrilled by Boise municipal water (Suez) which requires substantial chlorination. It tastes better than what I drank grad school in L.A., but I find it almost undrinkable compared to well water.  However, I guess that depends partly on where you live in Boise -- it certainly did in L.A..  Eagle Water clients get less chlorination and, they say, much better tasting water.

Thanks for the interest and questions.  BTW -- I hope your neighborhood is closely following the fate of the Ada County Fairgrounds, for obvious reasons.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Davis,<br />
Yes &#8212; the families I knew who lived along the river in Eagle Island in the 1970s and 80s had deep wells, as the &#8216;shallow&#8217; aquifer had long since been contaminated by all the crap we&#8217;d been putting in the Boise River.  Now, how quickly an aquifer is influenced by surface water, and what surface water, of course depends on the specific geology, but it has been common to have &#8216;shallow wells&#8217; along the Farmers Union Canal ever since it was dug. </p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure what you mean by questioning whether Farmers Union Canal &#8216;is there to provide&#8217; a significant source of municipal water to Eagle.  The canal predated almost all of Eagle&#8217;s current population, and the City of Eagle, and Eagle Water, have multiple wells that are down- gradient of the canal.  How quickly that influences the aquifer these wells tap into is an appropriate question &#8212; but in general, because the canal is on the high ground and above the wells, it is an issue of when and not if, depending on the permeability of various clay layers etc.  I only took one hydrology class in grad school so I won&#8217;t pretend to know more than that.<br />
Of course, one could similarly ask &#8212; is the Santa Ana River there to provide a source of drinking water for Orange County?  The answer is perhaps a matter of philosophy.  However, PFAS contamination from municipal wastewater discharge upstream has made its way from that river into the aquifer Orange County taps for its municipal water.  The same principle may well apply to Eagle municipal water.<br />
Activated carbon does a decent job removing many chemical contaminants &#8212; pharmaceuticals as well as PFAS, though how efficiently depends on the length of the carbon chain and head group for PFAS.  I&#8217;m not expert on this, but activated carbon is used to remove PFAS from groundwater.  However, it isn&#8217;t cheap &#8212; and it would be appropriate for the chemical manufacturers to pay for any needed removal, as is happening elsewhere via lawsuits.<br />
By the way, I&#8217;ve been told by an employee that some Suez water does come directly from the river, though upstream of the sewage treatment plants.  I would think even the deeper wells are Boise River water &#8212; just older water that predates our contamination.<br />
I am not thrilled by Boise municipal water (Suez) which requires substantial chlorination. It tastes better than what I drank grad school in L.A., but I find it almost undrinkable compared to well water.  However, I guess that depends partly on where you live in Boise &#8212; it certainly did in L.A..  Eagle Water clients get less chlorination and, they say, much better tasting water.</p>
<p>Thanks for the interest and questions.  BTW &#8212; I hope your neighborhood is closely following the fate of the Ada County Fairgrounds, for obvious reasons.</p>
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